最近很火的“淡水三文鱼”能不能生吃?看完吓一跳

洛奇

  三文鱼，你不陌生，常生食，亦可熏烤煎炸，鱼骨还能煲汤。可是，你知道三文鱼是何时走上餐桌的吗？人们什么时候开始生吃三文鱼？什么样的三文鱼适合生吃？

　　到底什么是三文鱼？

　　三文鱼在英文中叫salmon，这个名字源于拉丁文，有“跃升”的意思，取名的灵感来自该鱼洄游产卵时跃过浪花的动作。

　　几百年前，渔民在大西洋沿岸发现了“salmon”，也就是现在所说的大西洋鲑。后来，人们在太平洋沿岸也陆续发现了一些习性、外形相似的鱼类，索性就把它们统称为“salmon”，也就是太平洋鲑。

　　中国最早接触三文鱼的是广东一带，如果你请一位广东朋友用当地方言念一下“三文鱼”，就会轻易明白这个名字是salmon的音译。

2017年10月8日，在加拿大多伦多，一条三文鱼跃出亨伯河水面，试图跳过水坝。

　　从生物学概念上来说，“三文鱼”并不是某一个品种鱼的名称，而是一个在流通中逐渐约定俗成的商品名称，主要有大西洋鲑和太平洋鲑。（太平洋鲑不是三文鱼的真子集，这点我们后面会讲到。）

　　可以确定的是，无论是野生的，还是养殖的，三文鱼都是“海产品”，这一点在业内是不存在疑义的。

　　淡水里能不能长出三文鱼？

　　三文鱼属于“鲑科鱼”，学名是Oncorhynchus。鲑科鱼又分为鲑科鲑属与鲑科鳟属，准确地说三文鱼属于鲑鳟鱼。而鲑鳟鱼又分为海鳟和虹鳟，看，岔路点出现了。

　　虹鳟鱼英文名为rainbown trout，多数种群终身生活在低温淡水环境中，是淡水鱼。它的鱼肉颜色与三文鱼相仿。  
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